Methods of Removing Iron, Manganese and Hydrogen Sulfide From Water.

Iron and Manganese ions have an attraction for oxygen. When oxygen combines with these metals they convert from the dissolved form (Ferrous) to the enlarged precipitated form (Ferric). If the conversion is complete, the ferric and manganese ions can be removed by several filtration methods. In the past several types of filters have been used in an attempt to remove these contaminants with various degrees of success. All of these systems utilize oxygen in one form or another for their conversion from the ferris to the ferric form.

Greensand Filters

Greensand filters have been used for years with mixed results. In this method the greensand has a coating of Magnesium Dioxide that releases oxygen into the ions of iron and manganese for conversion. The enlarged ions are then trapped lower in the media bed. As the oxygen becomes depleted, it must be replaced. This is accomplished by flooding the greensand media with Potassium Permanganate on a regular basis. While an effective way of removing the iron and manganese, there are several limitations with this process for homeowners:

1. The injectors tend to plug requiring frequent servicing of the equipment.
2. Average households will spend from $75.00 to $100.00 per year in Potassium Permanganate.
3. The Potassium Permanganate tank should be cleaned annually. A very messy job.
4. The pH of the water should be over 7 or complete oxidation may not take place.
5. Service flow rates are low for quality water. Five gallon per sq. ft. of media is recommended (a ten inch diameter tank has just 0.55 sq. ft.).
6. The greensand needs to be replaced as the manganese dioxide coating will wear off. Average replacement of the media is five years for best results.
   
   In Line Air Injectors (Micronizers)

Another way to oxidize the iron and manganese is to induce air in front of the pressure tank with an air injector device. While an inexpensive process it also has limitations. The injector needs to be built with a restrictive orifice to create back pressure on the water flow in order to induce the air. This back pressure may reduce the water flow to five gallons per minute or lower. Too low for many farm or home needs. Also, five gallons per minute is not enough to backwash filters over 10" in diameter. If the backwash flow is not sufficient, iron and manganese will not be flushed from the filter media. Continued use will soon foul the filter bed allowing the iron and manganese to pass through and into the household water lines.

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Chlorination and Filtration

Chlorine will oxidize the iron and manganese ions, but is dependent on the pH of the water. A pH of 7.0 requires a retention time of 20 minutes to enlarge the iron and manganese ions to the size needed for removal by a filter. In periods of heavy use, as when the family is taking showers, flushing stools or washing clothes the household may require five to seven gallons per minute of water. In order to provide quality water at a 5 gallon per minute flow rate for 20 minutes, a 150 gallon retention tank is needed (24"x60"). A very high additional cost for the homeowner.

The "Air Charger"! Water Technologies' newest and finest innovation for removing iron, manganese and sulfur from your water supply. How the Air Charger Works The Air Charger uses a very quiet and oil less air compressor to put large amounts of air (oxygen) into the Air Charger's retention tank. The Air Chargers air compressor is wired into the pressure switch that controls the well pump. Whenever the well pump is activated, the air compressor also starts up and forces air into the Air Charger tank. This air enters the tank and is forced down to the bottom of the tank through a PVC pipe that has a ten micron porous pipe at the end. The air is forced through this porous pipe and is expelled into the tank in the form of thousands of minute bubbles which start to raise upward through the water.

As the iron and manganese ions are now in the enlarged ferric form, they are easily removed by Krudico's SFA filters or by many filters that may already have been installed in the home or business.

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Hydrogen Sulfide Control Hydrogen sulfide is a gas created by sulfate reducing bacteria in the well. As the bacteria consume the sulfate ions, a rotten egg odor becomes present in the water. This gas can be removed by adding oxygen to the water which expels the gas and converts the sulfide to basic sulfur. The Air Charger, by adding large amounts of air to the water, is capable of expelling high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide from a water supply without the need of adding chemicals to the water or the need of an atmospheric tank and a repressurization pump. By combining the Air Charger with one of Krudico's S-CFA line of catalytic carbon filters, the basic sulfur is also removed. Water as clean and fresh as a mountain stream is available for showers, bathing, drinking and other household needs.

Air release vent: As large amounts of air are being pumped into the Air Charger tank, the excess air must be released to prevent air from passing into the household water lines.

Drain off Valve: If needed, used to flush out accumulated growths of iron bacteria from the bottom of the tank without removing the Air Charger from the water lines.

Double check valves: Krudico provides two check valves between the air compressor and the air charger tank to prevent accidental backup of water into the air compressor.

Materials: All of the air charger components are made from non-corrosive PVC or fiberglass for long life.

Outside venting: The Air Charger includes features that allow released hydrogen sulfide gasses to be vented to the outside of the house or business, eliminating the odor to the atmosphere.

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Custom Municipal/Industrial Air Charger Systems Available!!

 

Specifications of the Air Charger

The air compressor of the Air Charger is available in either 115V or 230V (please specify when ordering). The system is shipped complete with the air compressor, air compressor mounting stand, electrical junction box for safety, fiberglass tank (specify model), PVC tank top, interior piping, two check valves, drain off valve, air compressor filter, polyethylene tubing, pressure gauge, pressure regulator, and a complete set of instructions for easy installation.

Model Number	Tank Size	Service Flow	Iron Limits*	Manganese Limits*	Sulfur Limits*	Voltage	Inlet/ Outlet
AC-1054-115	10"X54"	7 gpm	5 ppm	0.5 ppm	2 ppm	115V	3/4"
AC-1054-230	10"X54"	7 gpm	5 ppm	0.5 ppm	2 ppm	230V	3/4"
AC-1252-115	12"X52"	7 gpm	10 ppm	1.0 ppm	6 ppm	115V	3/4"
AC-1252-230	12"X52"	7 gpm	10 ppm	1.0 ppm	6 ppm	230V	3/4"
AC-1665-115	16"X65"	15 gpm	12 ppm	1.2 ppm	15 ppm	115V	1"
AC-1665-230	16"X65"	15 gpm	12 ppm	1.2 ppm	15 ppm	230V	1"

*Filter must be sized correctly to remove iron, manganese or sulfur from the water after the Air Charger

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Krudico's Dealer Guarantee:

Install our Air Charger System according to the specifications and if your customer is not satisfied after 60 days, return the unit to us and we will refund what you paid for the system.

Custom Municipal/Industrial Air Charger Systems Available
Krudico's Available Line of Filters for Use With the Residential Air Charger